Reported speech (indirecte rede) in Dutch introduces a dat-clause after the reporting verb: Hij zei dat hij moe was. The dat-clause sends the verb to the end, so the word order restructures: from Ik ben moe (direct) to hij zei dat hij moe was (indirect). The pronoun shifts from ik to hij and the verb tense may shift backward if reporting a past statement in a past context.
Yes-no questions become indirect questions with of (whether): Gaat hij mee? becomes Ze vroeg of hij meeging. Information questions retain their question word: Waar woont hij? becomes Ze vroeg waar hij woonde. In both cases the subordinate clause word order applies with the verb at the end, and there is no question mark at the end since it is now a statement. The question word or of acts as the subordinator.
Time and place references often shift in reported speech. Nu (now) may become toen (then), hier (here) may become daar (there), morgen (tomorrow) may become de volgende dag. Commands reported indirectly use zeggen or vragen plus te plus infinitive: Ga weg becomes Hij zei dat ik weg moest gaan, or Hij vroeg me weg te gaan. These shifts are not all obligatory in Dutch but awareness of them helps decode and produce reported speech accurately.