Government and politics: de overheid (government/authorities), het parlement (parliament), de Tweede Kamer (House of Representatives), de Eerste Kamer (Senate), de minister (minister), de minister-president (prime minister), de koning or koningin (king or queen), de gemeente (municipality), de provincie (province), de verkiezing (election), stemmen (to vote).
Political parties and ideology: links (left-wing), rechts (right-wing), progressief (progressive), conservatief (conservative), de coalitie (coalition government), de oppositie (opposition), het beleid (policy), de wet (law/legislation), het referendum (referendum), de lobby (lobby), democratisch (democratic), sociaal (social/socialist sense depending on context).
Social issues: de integratie (integration), de diversiteit (diversity), de discriminatie (discrimination), gelijkheid (equality), de armoede (poverty), de werkloosheid (unemployment), de klimaatverandering (climate change), de zorg (care/healthcare), het onderwijs (education), de huisvesting (housing). Dutch news sources like NOS.nl are excellent for learning political vocabulary in context.