Days of the week in Dutch: maandag (Monday), dinsdag (Tuesday), woensdag (Wednesday), donderdag (Thursday), vrijdag (Friday), zaterdag (Saturday), zondag (Sunday). They are not capitalized in Dutch. Months: januari, februari, maart, april, mei, juni, juli, augustus, september, oktober, november, december — also lowercase. Many are immediately recognizable from English.
Seasons: de lente (spring), de zomer (summer), de herfst (autumn), de winter (winter). Useful time expressions: gisteren (yesterday), vandaag (today), morgen (tomorrow), overmorgen (the day after tomorrow), eergisteren (the day before yesterday), volgende week (next week), vorige week (last week), dit jaar (this year), volgend jaar (next year).
Dates are expressed as: day + month: “de vijfde mei” (the fifth of May) or in written form: 5 mei. In formal contexts: “op maandag 5 mei 2025.” The word op is used with days: “op maandag, op vrijdag” (on Monday, on Friday). With months: “in januari, in de zomer”. These small preposition rules — op for days, in for months and seasons — are simple but important to internalize early.